Tags for Hyper Links
The HTML document or the web page can link to other HTML documents or web pages and as well as it can link to graphics, multimedia, email addresses, and downloadable files. There are three types of link that can be added in HTML pages.
Links or Hyperlinks to HTML pages:
<a> tag is used to add hyperlinks to other HTML pages. Here “a” stands for anchor, hence <a> tag is also known as an anchor tag. The anchor tag has an attribute href which stands for hyperlink reference, the value of this attribute is the link or reference to the other HTML web page. For example <a href=”http://www.google.com”> click here </a> here “click here” is the hyperlink created and clicking this link will open the web page “http://www.google.com”. The HTML code to demonstrate hyperlinks <a> tag is given below, where a hyperlink is created on line 8 to link to “http://www.google.com” web page.
<html>
<head>
<title>Anchor Tag for Web Pages</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.</p>
<p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p>
<p>This is the demonstration for anchor tag <a href="http://www.google.com" /> Click Here </a> to open the google.com web site</p>
<p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p>
</body>
</html>
The output of the above HTML code is shown below:
In the above output on the web browser when the user clicks “Click Here” hyperlink, the URL present in the href attribute will be opened in the same window of the web browser as shown below:
The video below demonstrates the complete working of HTML Hyperlink tags
The links or references are of two types:
Absolute Links or references: use the entire path for example: http://www.abc.com/contact.html
Relative Links or references: does not include the entire path, for example:- /contact.html
The <a> tag has an optional attribute known as the target which uses predefined attributes:
_blank which opens the hyperlink in a new window
_self which opens the hyperlink in the same window
If the target attribute is not defined then by default the link opens in the same window. The <a> tag also has a title attribute which contains text as value and works as a tooltip when the mouse cursor is placed on the hyperlink. The HTML code to demonstrate the use of the target attribute is given below:
<html>
<head>
<title>Anchor Tag for Web Pages with Target Attribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.</p>
<p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p>
<p>This is the demonstration for anchor tag <a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank"/> Click Here </a> to see open google.com web site in a new web browser windows</p>
<p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p>
</body>
</html>
In the above HTML code on line 8, the <a> tag consists of the target as an attribute with “_blank” as its value. The output of the above HTML code is shown below:
In the above output on the web browser when the user clicks “Click Here” hyperlink, the URL present in the href attribute will be opened in a different window of the web browser as shown below:
Links or Hyperlinks to sections within the same web page:
The anchor <a> tag can also be used to link or reference sections of the same web page. To do this anchor needs to be created and then link to that anchor has to be provided.
An anchor is created for a section of the content using the <a> tag with a name as the attribute-name. The value of the name attribute has to be unique marking the section of the content throughout the web page. After creating the anchor, the <a> tag is used with href attribute having the value of name referenced. This value will be preceded by character “#”.
For example:
<a name=”top”> Chaper 1 </a> here name is used as an attribute and the value for this attribute is top.
<a href=”#top” > Go to Top </a> here the href attribute contains the value preceeded by “top” which is the value used in creating the attribute.
The HTML code given below demonstrate the use of anchor tags to link to sections within the same web page.
<html> <head> <title>Anchor Tag for Sections within Web Pages</title> </head> <body> <p> <a name="1">The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s </p> <p> "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." </p> <p> <a name="2">Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC </p> <p> "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" </p> <p> <a name="3">1914 translation by H. Rackham </p> <p> "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" </p> <p> <a name="4">Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC </p> <p> "At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat." </p> <p> <a name="5">1914 translation by H. Rackham </p> <p> "On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains." </p> The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat." 1914 translation by H. Rackham "On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains." The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat." 1914 translation by H. Rackham "On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains." The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat." 1914 translation by H. Rackham "On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains." The standard Lorem Ipsum passage, used since the 1500s "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" Section 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat." 1914 translation by H. Rackham "On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains." <a href="#1" accesskey="1">Section-1</a><br/> <a href="#2" accesskey="2">Section-1</a><br/> <a href="#3" accesskey="3">Section-1</a><br/> <a href="#4" accesskey="4">Section-1</a><br/> <a href="#5" accesskey="5">Section-1</a><br/> <a href="#6">Section-1</a><br/> </body> </html>
The output of the above HTML code is shown below where for example clicking the link “Section-2” will take the display to text named or labeled as “name=2”:
Links to Email and downloadable files
The anchor <a> tag can also be used to link to email addresses, here mailto protocol has to be provided as a value to href attribute. For example:
<a href=”mailto:abc@xyz.com” > Send Email </a>. The HTML code to demonstrate this is given below:
<html> <head> <title>Anchor Tag for Email</title> </head> <body> <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.</p> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p> <p>This is the demonstration for anchor tag <a href="mailto:abc@xyz.com" /> Click Here </a> to open an Email client</p> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p> </body> </html>
The output of the HTML code is shown below:
When the user clicks “Click Here” hyperlink, systems default mail client will be opened as shown below:
The anchor <a> tag can also be used to access FTP server, here ftp protocol has to be provided as a value to href attribute. For example:
<a href=”ftp://abc.com/public_view” > Click Here </a>. The HTML code below to demonstrate this is given below:
<html> <head> <title>Anchor Tag for FTP</title> </head> <body> <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.</p> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p> <p>This is the demonstration for anchor tag <a href="ftp://abc.com/public_view" /> Click Here </a> to open ftp directory listing</p> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p> </body> </html>
The output of the above HTML code is shown below where when the user clicks “Click Here” the ftp servers directory listing will be opened in the web browser.
The anchor <a> tag can also be used to download files such as PDF files, For example: <a href=”http://www.abc.com/terms.pdf” > Download </a>. The HTML code to demonstrate this is gievn below:
<html> <head> <title>Anchor Tag for Download</title> </head> <body> <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.</p> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p> <p>This is the demonstration for anchor tag to <a href="http://www.softlect.in/test.pdf" /> Download </a> files</p> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.</p> </body> </html>
The output of the above HTML code is shown below where when the user clicks “Download” link the file specified in the href attribute of the <a> tag will be opened or saved.
Images with Link Section
The anchor <a> tag can be used to create hyperlinks with text content as well as it can be used to create a hyperlink with images.
For example <a href=”www.google.com”><img src=”logo.png” /></a> these tags displays an image on the webpage and the image itself is a hyperlink, clicking this image will open URL specified in href attribute of the anchor <a> tag. When the hyperlinks are created on images, clicking anywhere on the image will open the same URL specified in the href attribute of the anchor <a> tag.
The <img> image tag allows additional attribute usemap, through which the image can be divided into different sections and each section can be assigned different URL, therefore clicking the different section on the image will open different URLs this is called creating image maps. For example:
<img src=”image.png” width=”400″ height=”300″ usemap=”#sec” />
The usemap attribute is used to tell the web browser that the map is defined as a tag and applied to the image assigned in the image tag. The map tag has a name attribute, the value of which should be same as defined in usemap attribute. For example:
<map name=”sec” >
Inside the map tag, area tags need to be defined for each section on the image, the area tag has four attributes: shape, coords, href and alt. The href and alt attribute works the same way as described in the <a> tag.
The shape attribute can have values such as “rect”, “poly” and “circle” which define the shape of the section on the image.
The coords attribute can contain values according to the shape which defines the boundaries of the section such as:
rect – x1, y1, x2, y2
poly – x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, ……
circle: x, y, r
The rectangles are defined by the upper left and lower right coordinates.
The polygons are defined by each coordinate on the boundary.
The circles are defined by the coordinate of the center and the radius.
The HTML code given below demonstrate the creation of images with link section.
<html> <head> <title>Image Tag</title> </head> <body> <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.</p> <img src="image.jpg" width="400" height="300" usemap="#sec" /> <map name="sec" > <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,300,200" href="s1.html" alt="Section 1" /> <area shape="rect" coords="300,0,600,200" href="s2.html" alt="Section 2" /> <area shape="rect" coords="0,200,300,400" href="s3.html" alt="Section 3" /> <area shape="rect" coords="300,200,600,400" href="s4.html" alt="Section 4" /> </map> <p>It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting.</p> </body> </html>
The output of the above HTML code is shown below:
In the output of the above code, the image displayed is divided into “Section 1”, “Section 2”, “Section 3” and “Section 4” and each section has a hyperlink for a different web page.